Age
- Does Fake News Matter to Election Outcomes? The Case Study of Taiwan’s 2018 Local Elections
- Who is most likely to believe and to share misinformation?
- Fake news: Acceptance by demographics and culture on social media
Source
- Spreading Disinformation on Facebook: Do Trust in Message Source, Risk Propensity, or Personality Affect the Organic Reach of “Fake News”?
- Misinformation on Instagram: The Impact of Trusted Endorsements on Message Credibility
Educational Level
- Why do people spread false information online? The effects of message and viewer characteristics on self-reported likelihood of sharing social media disinformation?
- Politics in the Facebook Era: Evidence from the 2016 US Presidential Elections
Need for Cognition
- Need for cognition and discrepancy detection in the misinformation effect
- “You are Fake News”: Ideological (A)symmetries in Perceptions of Media Legitimacy
Personality Traits
- Personality factors and self-reported political news consumption predict susceptibility to political fake news
- The impact of personality in recognizing disinformation
Analytic Thinking
- PLazy, not biased: Susceptibility to partisan fake news is better explained by lack of reasoning than by motivated reasoning
- A short Review on Susceptibility to Falling for Fake Political News
Emotion
- Would you notice if fake news changed your behavior? An experiment on the unconscious effects of disinformation
- Anger contributes to the spread of COVID-19 misinformation
- AEmotions, Partisanship, and Misperceptions: How Anger and Anxiety Moderate the Effect of Partisan Bias on Susceptibility to Political Misinformation
Moral Value
- Morally Reframed Arguments Can Affect Support for Political Candidates
- Misinformation and Morality: Encountering Fake-News Headlines Makes Them Seem Less Unethical to Publish and Share